The French National Academy of Sciences was established in 1939, It is the largest basic research institution in France and Europe (its functions are similar to those of the Chinese Academy of Sciences). CNRS has four special research departments: the Ministry of mathematics, information, physics and earth and space, the Ministry of chemistry, the Ministry of life sciences and the Ministry of Humanities and Social Sciences; two horizontal research departments: the Ministry of environment and sustainable development and the Ministry of engineering; and two national research institutes: the National Academy of nuclear physics and particle physics and the National Academy of cosmic sciences. CNRS has 12 subordinate departments More than 90% of the more than 200 scientific research institutions are mixed research institutions, especially joint with colleges and universities, of which 40 laboratories are open to the outside world, 30 scientific research groups have close ties with the world, and 15 international joint laboratories have been established.
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